Este instrumento é utilizado sobretudo em transações comerciais para garantir o cumprimento de uma obrigação contractual ou como garantia adicional em operações de crédito. Não é normal o seu uso para operações de financiamento directo ou menos ainda para operações financeiras de investimento.
Este termo está a ser muito usado por golpistas em relação a supostas operações de investimento ou de financiamento como as descritas no capitulo anterior.
Dizem, na pratica, que através de um complicado esquema e de um acesso exclusivo conseguem adquirir tais Standby LC por uma fracção do valor de face e depois descontá-las junto de outros bancos ganhando na diferença ou na aplicação financeira do valor descontado ou de outra maneira.
Ou seja, propõem um retorno elevado operando e negociando tais instrumentos.
Isso não é possível e não existe por uma longa serie de razões.
Primeiro, e sobretudo, nenhum banco no mundo emitiria uma carta de crédito contra pagamento de uma fracção do valor da mesma e sem ter garantias liquidas cobrindo integralmente pelo menos o valor facial da LC. Isso seria atirar dinheiro fora e os bancos não fazem isso.
Uma variante interessante que apareceu com força no Brasil (mas não só) é o uso deste termo em relação a supostos esquemas de financiamento ou empréstimo.
Na pratica os golpistas oferecem um instrumento deste tipo (ou por vezes uma "bank guarantee" ou uma MTN) contra pagamento de uma comissão/custo variável de 20% a 50%, sem que a vitima tenha que apresentar nenhum outro tipo de garantia.
A vitima poderia, supostamente, descontar tal documento num banco local para conseguir o tal financiamento ... nalguns casos eles oferecem-se também para viabilizar esta segunda parte da operação.
Lembre-se que ninguém no mundo atira dinheiro fora ou empresta sem garantias. De qualquer forma nunca pague antecipadamente um cêntimo para coisas deste tipo ... pode dizer que o dinheiro de custos e/ou comissões será retido do dinheiro libertado.
Existem muitas variantes destes esquemas, algumas muito bem estruturados ... não acreditem porque não existem e o único resultado será perder dinheiro. EXEMPLO DO ESQUEMA COM "STANDBY LC"
Esta é uma descrição típica dos supostos serviços oferecidos pelos golpistas.
| Standby Letters of Credit, Letters of Credit, Bank Guarantees, Certificates of Deposit Bonds--Gov, Brady's, Money & Capital market instruments, Bank instruments, Medium-Term notes, (With a Min face value/Par of US$5 Million) We can also discount "lower grade" instruments, eg, those issued by SBERBank of Russia and those issued by certain Asia-Pacific banks BNI etc...Please note Asia-Pacific banks MUST be "CONFIRMED" by a major U.S./ U,K, Bank! DISCOUNTING PROCEDURES: 1.A clean, CLEAR" copy of ( Instrument,Swift or Screen print out ) should be supplied/faxed to us to check verbiage before any bank co-ordinates can be supplied,, 2.Normally if. the issuing bank has a key tested telex established with our banks or their respectful correspondence banks, a K.T.T procedure of sending the instrument is preferred Only if no possible K.T.T link is found a Swift of the instrument is required. 3.If swift procedure is used,instructions for "SWIFT 199" should be given to issuing Bank.. 4,For instruments issued in the United States of America using our United States banks no K.T.T or Swift is required as they use a inter-bank banking system, either straight telex or com-bank. 5.For banks issuing instruments outside of United States of America but using a U.S. bank to send the instrument, "Will only be verifying and authentfying they have received the instrument for further transmission to the buying bank. Guaranteeing playability on the maturity of the instrument has to come from the issuing bank 6.Once a K.T.T, Swift (or any other system used by banks In the U.S.A.) Is sent we must have a clean, clear copy of the message so we can follow it with our bank to issue payment in accordance with the invoice as quickly as possible, otherwise it takes approximately five banking days before we are notified as the banks receive at least a thousand K.T.T.s and Swlfts messages per banking day. 7.Payment of invoice will be within 24 International banking hours, after our bank authenticates anti credits the instrument into our account. 9.Original copy of the instrument will be sent to our bank by a bonded bank courier officer within 7 banking days or by electronic transfer. The following minimum information is required: ============================================================== A:)Instruments not on one of the screening services ============================================================== 1: A complete front and back extract of the text. 2: The Issue Date. 3: The Maturity Date. 4: The issuing bank. 5: The transaction bank. If more than one bank is involved then the lead bank's details. 6: An indication of the required price. ==============================?=============================== B:)Instruments on one of the screening services ============================================================== Just Send us the look up numbers or a clean, CLEAR" copy of the screen EUROCLEAR, BLOOMBERG,etc... ============================================================== Please do not hesitate to contact us if you require further assistance. We Prefer that initial contact is done via Fax, make sure to include phone,fax and other coordinates. This is not a solicitation but rather for informational purposes ONLY, and shall NOT in ANYWAY be considered a solicitation for investment funds NOR sale of securities for investment NOR solicitation of any type. |
Este é um roteiro da operação com detalhes de como, supostamente, funcionaria cada etapa ...
| INSTRUMENTS:STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT / LONDON SHORT FORM 3034 CURRENCY:UNITED STATE DOLLARS ( USD ) TERM:ONE ( 1 ) YEAR AND ONE ( 1 ) DAY TRANSACTION TYP:COLLATERAL FIRST WITH PROOF OF FUNDS ISSUE: NEW ISSUE /FRESH CUT MENU :(Top Twenty Five (25) Western European banks-normal exclusions. INTEREST RATE:ZERO PERCENT ( 0.00% ) PROOF OF FUNDS:CONFIRMABLE BANK or TOP SECURITY HOUSE (Letter signed by two officers) CONTRACT AMOUNT:FIFTY BILLION ($50,000,000,000.00) WITH EXTENSION & ROLLS FIRST TRANCH:ONE HUNDRRED MILLION USD ($100,000,000.00) MINIMUM PER TRANCHE, OR AS AGREED ` TRANCH SCHEDULE:ONE HUNDRRED MILLION USD ($100,000,000.00) MINIMUM PER TRANCHE, OR AS AGREED INVOICE PRICE:80.0% OF FACE VALUE, WITH OPTIONAL BUY BACK AT 90.0% DENOMINATIONS:$10, $25, $50, OR $100, MILLION USD PAYMENT MODE:DTC,FED WIRE, SWIFT WIRE MT 100, OR AS AGREED PROCEDURES: (Negotiable) 1.Buyer sends letter of Intent (LOI) with full banking information including tranching schedule, registration number of the company and passport number/country of issue of signatory.A minimum Proof of Funds of UD$100,000,000.00 investment capital Must be proven upfront by principles bank or Top Security House (Letter signed by two officers). 2.Upon receipt and authentication/verification of the Buyer's Banking or Top Security House information, The seller issues the JV" Buy/Sell contract to buyer within two (2) banking days.Buyer signs and seals the contract and returns the same to Seller. 3. At mutually agreed Window Time, Seller's bank officer shall contact purchaser's bank offcer (Bank to Bank) to verify purchaser's bank is awere of the transaction and is ready to recive Instruments on behalf of his client. 4.Upon the delivery of the instruments, Buyer's Bank will within eight (8) International Banking hours transfer the funds to the Seller's designated Banking co-ordinates, which are reflected on the Corporate Invoice by SWIFT Wire in payment of the Corporate Invoice.The Wire Transfer will refer to the Invoice Number being paid. ***(24) International banking hours after purchase, we will repurchase Principles Seasoned instruments at 90%. 5.Seller's bank delivers hard copies of the instruments to the Buyer at their direction within seven (7) International Banking days. 6.Transaction continues on the same basis, on agreed International trading days until the contract is completed. A fair word of warning from frivolous inquiries of those seeking to circumvent the system and not follow procedure will not be allowed to participate.These programs are only for sophisticated, and serious investors seeking to increase their wealth in a substantial manner. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you require further assistance. We Prefer that initial contact is done via Fax, make sure to include phone,fax and other coordinates. NO E,MAIL PLEASE This is not a solicitation but rather a response to a client's request for informational purposes only* |
E para terminar a cópia de uma minuta, fornecida por golpistas, da famosa Standby Letter of Credit (como eles a entenderiam).
STANDBY DOCUMENTARY LETTER OF CREDIT (3034) DATE: (date of issue)TO: (name of lender's bank)
ADDRESS: (address of lender's bank)
BENEFICIARY: (lender)
We, (name of bank) ……………………………………….. hereby establish our irrevocable and transferable credit in favour of (name of lender, address) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. for the account of ………………………………………….. United States Dollars, available by your draft drawn on (name of issuing bank, address) …………………………………………………………………………….…………… in the amount of ………………………………………………… United States Dollars.
Draft may be drawn and negotiated on maturity date but not later than ……………….. days after maturity date.
This letter of credit is transferable, without presentation of it to us, and the payment of any transfer fee.
The draft drawn under this credit must bear on its face the clause drawn under issuing bank, credit number ………………….., dated ……………. 199……….
We hereby agree with the drawers, endorsers and bona fide holders of the drafts drawn under and in compliance with the terms of this credit that the same shall be duly honored on due presentation to us.
Except as otherwise expressly stated herein, this credit is free and clear from deductions for or on account of any taxes, levies, or duties present or future of any nature imposed under the laws of the Government (country) ………………………………….. and is further subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1983 revision) of ICC publication Nº 400/500.
_______________________________ ________________
Authorized signature/Bank Officer/Title Date
_______________________________ ________________
Authorized signature/Bank Officer/Title Date
Bank Seal
NOTE: Specimen copy only - text may very from bank to bank
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